11/19/2022 0 Comments Ayatullah khomeini book kashful asrar![]() ![]() As a senior member of the Usuli School of Shiism, he opposed the Akhbari dissenters of the previous centuries who had argued that believers could understand Islam by relying mainly on the Koran. ![]() Second, if the term implies that the believer can grasp the true meaning of the religion by going directly to the essential text, bypassing the clergy ( ulama), then Khomeini was by no means a fundamentalist. It is so for a number of reasons.įirst, if fundamentalism means the conviction that one’s scriptural text is free of human errors, then all Muslim believers would have to be considered fundamentalists for, after all, it is an essential article of Islam that the entire Koran is the absolute Word of God. This is ironic considering that the same disciples relish denouncing their opponents as eltegari (eclectic) and gharbzadeh (contaminated with Western diseases).Įven though the word ‘fundamentalist’ has gained wide currency, I would like to argue that the transference of a term invented by Protestants in early twentieth-century America to a political movement in the contemporary Middle East is not only confusing and misleading, but also downright wrong. The term has been used so often in the West that Khomeini’s disciples in Iran, finding no Persian or Arabic equivalent, but flattered by its implications, have coined a new word, bonyadgarayan, by translating literally into Persian the English word fundamental-ist. ![]() For Orientalists-who still dominate Middle East studies-it reinforces their underlying presumption that the Muslim world is intrinsically unchanging, irrational, backward-looking, and incapable of freeing itself from its early history. For radicals, it conjures up the image of theological obscurantism, political atavism, and the rejection of science, history, modernity, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution. For liberals, it means extremism, fanaticism and traditionalism. footnote * For conservatives, the label evokes xenophobia, militancy and radicalism. T he slippery term ‘fundamentalist’ has been thrown at Khomeini so often, from so many different directions, that it has stuck. ![]() Iranian Parliamentary Deputy, Kayhan-e Hava’i, 21 June 1989 He carried out God’s Will, smashed idols, was willing to sacrifice his own son, rose up against tyrants, and led the mostazafin against their mostakberin. ‘How did Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini become an Imam? Much like the Holy Prophet Abraham. ![]()
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